Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Federal Open Market Committee Federal Reserve Act of 1913 Federal Reserve Bank of New York Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Federal Reserve, U.S.
bank regulation Board of Governors
on classical gold standard
in creating a new gold-backed system creation of
current assets of
Dodd-Frank reform legislation of 2010 and and dollar price stability
gold and money supply during 1930s gold and money supply in 2011 handling of its own balance sheet and IMF
IOUs to the Treasury as lender of last resort
and management of unemployment mandates of
mercantilism compared to and monetarism quantitative easing program
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission financial economics
financial war game financial warfare strategy
First National Bank of New York First National City Bank of New York
fixed exchange rates
floating exchange rates, 1970s Fort Knox, Kentucky
Foundations of Economic Analysis (Samuelson) fractal dimension
framing, in economics France
currency collapse in 1920s
and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 gold reserves
and gold standard
invasion of Germany’s Ruhr Valley Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Treaty of Versailles
and Tripartite Agreement of 1936 withdrawal from London Gold Pool free-floating currency
free trade barriers Friedman, Milton
Gallarotti, Giulio M. Gates, Robert Gazprom
Geithner, Timothy
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) General Electric (GE)
General Motors (GM) Genoa Conference of 1922 Germany
bilateral trade relations with China currency collapse in 1920s
and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 and G20
gold reserves
and gold standard and panic of 1931 reichsmark rentenmark
rise of Nazi party support for euro
trade deficits during 1980s and U.S. in London Gold Pool Weimar hyperinflation
and World War I reparations Gertz, Bill
Gini coefficient global corporations globalization
gold
and Bretton Woods system
China’s 2009 five hundred metric tons of gold transfer
classical gold standard of 1870 to 1914 as currency anchor
FDR’s gold confiscations
flaws in 1920s gold exchange standard flexible gold standard
France and desire to return to gold standard Genoa Conference and return to gold standard gold clauses in contracts
gold SDR
gold standard during war time gold standard, return to
and Great Depression international gold reserves London Gold Pool
1930s deflation and U.S. gold devaluation under Nixon’s New Economic Policy
and Panic of 1931 vs. paper money
prices during U.S. recessions, 1970s to 1980s pure gold standard
stocks and
two-tier system, creation of
U.S. and dollar-gold parity
U.S. gold reserves gold bullion and coins gold mining
Gold Reserve Act of 1934
Gold Standard Acts of 1900 and 1925 Goldman Sachs
Gramm, Phil Great Depression
beggar-thy-neighbor devaluations during Federal Reserve role during
France and
gold as contributing factor to impact on U.S. economy Greece
Greenspan, Alan
gross domestic product (GDP) in China
four components of growth in major currencies and monetarism and changes in
U.S. consumer and growth of
in U.S. during Kennedy-Johnson years
U.S. economy and 2011 Group of Eight (G8) Group of Seven (G7) Group of Ten (G10) Group of Twenty (G20)
Brazil and
and Panic of 2008 and SDRs
2008 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy 2009 Pittsburgh G20 summit
2011 Cannes, France G20 summit
U.S. rebalancing plan and Group of Two (G2) Gutfreund, John
Halliwell, Steve Hamilton, Alexander hedge funds Hemingway, Ernest Herodotus
heuristics, in economics Hitler, Adolf
Hoover, Herbert Hu Jintao
Hua Guofeng
Hughes, Charles Evans
Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act of 1978 hyperinflation
import surtax India Indonesia inflation
caused by U.S. QE programs
China’s levels during 1980s and 2011 dollar inflation
monetarism and fears of in 1920s Germany
and 1930s deflation
stagflation in U.S. during 1970s
U.S. levels during 1960s and 1980s interdependence, in complex systems interest rates
interesting in-between, in complex systems
International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Brazil and
under Bretton Woods system
creation of special drawing rights (SDRs) in currency wars
declares end of Bretton Woods system G20 and
Germany and gold accumulation from as global central bank
global reserve currencies database and Nixon’s import surtax
and SDRs
international monetary system international trade, gold standard in Iran
Ireland
“iron rice bowl” welfare policy, China’s 1990s isolation, in economics
Israel Italy
Jackson, Andrew January effect Japan
and gold standard invasions and conquests by and Panic of 1931
rare earth exports skirmish with China trade deficits during 1980s
2011 earthquake/tsunami in Sendai
U.S. mortgage crisis and Japanese stocks yen and Nixon’s New Economic Policy
yen-dollar relationship after 2011 earthquake in Johnson, Lyndon B.
- P. Morgan & Company JPMorgan Chase
Kahneman, Daniel Kennedy, John F. Keynes, John Maynard Keynesianism
Knickerbocker Trust, New York Koch, Ed
Krugman, Paul
Kuhn, Loeb & Company Kumhof, Michael
Lagarde, Christine Lausanne Conference, 1932 law of diminishing returns Lehman Brothers
Liang, Qiao Limbaugh, Rush
Long-Term Capital Management, 1998 bailout of Louvre Accord, 1987
Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio
McCarthy, Cormac MacMillan, Margaret Maastricht Treaty of 1992 Madison, James Mandelbrot, Benoît Mantega, Guido
Mao Zedong marginal returns MARKINT
Markowitz, Harry
Martin, William McChesney Medvedev, Dmitry
Meltzer, Alan mercantilism Merkel, Angela Merrill Lynch Merton, Robert C. Merton, Robert K. Mexico
Milgram, Stanley Miller, Alexey Miller, Merton momentum investing monetarism
money
banking system definitions of treating SDRs as
Morgan, J. P. Morgan Stanley Morgenthau, Henry mortgage crisis, U.S.
Moscow
multinational corporations multiple reserve currencies multiplier theory, Keynesian
Nabucco NASA
National City Bank of New York
National Economists Club, Washington, D.C. National Export Initiative, U.S.
National Monetary Commission natural gas industry, Russia’s Netherlands
New Economic Policy, 1971, Nixon’s Nixon, Richard M.
Nixon Shock of 1971
Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences normal distribution of risk Norman, Montagu
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co.
North Korea Norton, Charles D.
Obama, Barack
and China’s President Hu
and IMF’s SDR dollar replacement strategy National Export Initiative
2008 to 2010 stimulus programs and U.S. attack on Japanese yen O’Donnell, Bill
over-the-counter derivatives
Pacific theater, dollar-yuan relationship Page, Scott
Palazzo Corsini, Rome Panic of 1890
Panic of 1907
Panic of 1931
Panic of 2008 bailouts during Brazil and
exchange rate disputes
Federal Reserve and lender of last resort function in G20 and
gold and money supply in aftermath of liquidity shortages from losses in money velocity in
SWF investments in
U.S. and China in
value at risk role in cause of
and Wall Street’s risk evaluation methods paper currencies
Dubai as largest transshipment point for gold backing for paper money
gold vs. paper money
paper-gold ratio during World War I paper SDR
paper gold
Paris 1919 (MacMillan)
Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Pentagon, U.S.
People’s Bank of China (PBOC) People’s Liberation Army (China)
Pépin, Jean-Luc Peterson, Peter G.
phase transitions, in complex system Plaza Accord, 1985
Poland
Pompidou, Georges Portugal
price-gold-flow mechanism price-specie-flow mechanism primary dealers
private enterprise prospect theory protectionism Putin, Vladimir
quantitative easing (QE) Ray, Chris
Reagan, Ronald
real estate bubble of 2002 to 2007 recessions, U.S.
1970s to 1980s of 2001
of 2007
See also Panic of 2008 regional currency blocs Reichsbank
reichsmark rent seeking rentenmark
reserve currencies
risk, in complex systems risk aversion
Road, The (McCarthy) Rockefeller, John D., Jr. Romer, Christina D. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Rothkopf, David Rousseff, Dilma
Rubin, Robert Russia
Samuels, Nathaniel Samuelson, Paul
San Francisco earthquake, 1906 Sarkozy, Nicolas
Schacht, Hjalmar Schiff, Jacob H. Scholes, Myron Schumer, Charles E. Schwartz, Alan
Second Bank of the United States September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of Shakespeare, William
Sharpe, William Shultz, George P. Slovic, Paul Smith, Adam
Smithsonian Agreement social media
social psychology, on economics Soros, George
South Korea
sovereign debt crisis of 2010, European sovereign wealth funds (SWFs)
Spain
special drawing rights (SDRs) stagflation
state capitalism sterling
crisis of 1992 devaluations
and gold exchange standard
Stiglitz, Joseph stimulus, Keynesian
stimulus programs, Obama’s stock market crash
critical state system of a of October 19, 1987
Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) Strategic Command, U.S. (STRATCOM) Strauss-Kahn, Dominque
Strong, Benjamin
subprime mortgage crisis, U.S. Sun Tzu
Superclass (Rothkopf) supercurrencies supernotes
Svensson, Lars Switzerland
Taft, William H. Tainter, Joseph A. Taiwan
Taleb, Nassim Nicholas tariffs
Tauss, Randy Taylor, John B. Taylor rule
Tea Party movement
tech bubble collapse of 2000 Temin, Peter
Thailand
Time magazine Tobin, James Toronto Star
Trade Act, U.S. 1988 trade deficits
Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 Treasury, U.S.
and bailout of 2008
China’s accumulation of Treasury debt China’s purchases of Treasury bonds China’s U.S. Treasury holdings
currency manipulation charges against China and dollar-yuan exchange rate
exchange stabilization fund Federal Reserve IOUs to on gold exports
gold reserve, increased value of
and 1930s nationalization of gold mines quantitative easing and Treasury bills
SWFs and Treasury bills Treaty of Versailles Tripartite Agreement of 1936 Tversky, Amos
twilight of sovereignty Tymoshenko, Yulia
UBS
unemployment
United Kingdom. See England United Nations
United States
and Bretton Woods system creation of Federal Reserve
economic policy for weak economy elite rent seeking
and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 expatriates living in Paris
exports increase
FDR’s Executive Orders FDR’s gold confiscations and G20
and German hyperinflation Gini coefficient for
and gold standard and IMF
in London Gold Pool military
monetarism and U.S. economy 1930s bank failures and bank runs 1930s deflation and gold devaluation Nixon’s New Economic Policy, 1971 quantitative easing policy rebalancing plan
start of Great Depression stock market crash of 1929 support of euro
and Tripartite Agreement of 1936
2008 to 2010 stimulus plans
U.S.-Brazil bilateral trade relations U.S.-China bilateral trade relations U.S.-Chinese currency war
wealth-to-poverty income ratio See also dollar, U.S.; gold Upham, Samuel
value at risk (VaR) Vanderlip, Frank A. velocity, money Vietnam
Volcker, Paul
von Havenstein, Rudolf
Wall Street Journal
“War God’s Face Has Become Indistinct, The” (Liang and Xiangsui) Warburg, Paul
Washington Times
water
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith) wealth-to-poverty income ratio, U.S.
West Point Military Academy, New York Wilson, Woodrow
Woodford, Michael World Bank
World War I, World War II Wriston, Walter
Xiangsui, Wang
Yellen, Janet yuan, Chinese
dollar-yuan exchange rate euro and
manipulation of
in present-day currency war as reserve currency
SDRs and
as supercurrency 2010 yuan revaluation Yugoslavia
Zhou Enlai Zoellick, Robert Zubkov, Viktor
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