Currency Wars by James Rickards

Currency Wars by James Rickards PART 3

 

 

 

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Federal Open Market Committee Federal Reserve Act of 1913 Federal Reserve Bank of New York Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Federal Reserve, U.S.

bank regulation Board of Governors

on classical gold standard

in creating a new gold-backed system creation of

current assets of

Dodd-Frank reform legislation of 2010 and and dollar price stability

gold and money supply during 1930s gold and money supply in 2011 handling of its own balance sheet and IMF

IOUs to the Treasury as lender of last resort

and management of unemployment mandates of

mercantilism compared to and monetarism quantitative easing program

Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission financial economics

financial war game financial warfare strategy

First National Bank of New York First National City Bank of New York

 

fixed exchange rates

floating exchange rates, 1970s Fort Knox, Kentucky

Foundations of Economic Analysis (Samuelson) fractal dimension

framing, in economics France

currency collapse in 1920s

and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 gold reserves

and gold standard

invasion of Germany’s Ruhr Valley Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Treaty of Versailles

and Tripartite Agreement of 1936 withdrawal from London Gold Pool free-floating currency

free trade barriers Friedman, Milton

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gallarotti, Giulio M. Gates, Robert Gazprom

Geithner, Timothy

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) General Electric (GE)

General Motors (GM) Genoa Conference of 1922 Germany

bilateral trade relations with China currency collapse in 1920s

and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 and G20

gold reserves

and gold standard and panic of 1931 reichsmark rentenmark

rise of Nazi party support for euro

trade deficits during 1980s and U.S. in London Gold Pool Weimar hyperinflation

and World War I reparations Gertz, Bill

Gini coefficient global corporations globalization

gold

and Bretton Woods system

China’s 2009 five hundred metric tons of gold transfer

 

classical gold standard of 1870 to 1914 as currency anchor

FDR’s gold confiscations

flaws in 1920s gold exchange standard flexible gold standard

France and desire to return to gold standard Genoa Conference and return to gold standard gold clauses in contracts

gold SDR

gold standard during war time gold standard, return to

and Great Depression international gold reserves London Gold Pool

1930s deflation and U.S. gold devaluation under Nixon’s New Economic Policy

and Panic of 1931 vs. paper money

prices during U.S. recessions, 1970s to 1980s pure gold standard

stocks and

two-tier system, creation of

U.S. and dollar-gold parity

U.S. gold reserves gold bullion and coins gold mining

Gold Reserve Act of 1934

Gold Standard Acts of 1900 and 1925 Goldman Sachs

Gramm, Phil Great Depression

beggar-thy-neighbor devaluations during Federal Reserve role during

France and

 

gold as contributing factor to impact on U.S. economy Greece

Greenspan, Alan

gross domestic product (GDP) in China

four components of growth in major currencies and monetarism and changes in

U.S. consumer and growth of

in U.S. during Kennedy-Johnson years

U.S. economy and 2011 Group of Eight (G8) Group of Seven (G7) Group of Ten (G10) Group of Twenty (G20)

Brazil and

and Panic of 2008 and SDRs

2008 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy 2009 Pittsburgh G20 summit

2011 Cannes, France G20 summit

U.S. rebalancing plan and Group of Two (G2) Gutfreund, John

 

 

 

 

 

 

Halliwell, Steve Hamilton, Alexander hedge funds Hemingway, Ernest Herodotus

heuristics, in economics Hitler, Adolf

Hoover, Herbert Hu Jintao

Hua Guofeng

Hughes, Charles Evans

Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act of 1978 hyperinflation

 

 

 

 

 

 

import surtax India Indonesia inflation

caused by U.S. QE programs

China’s levels during 1980s and 2011 dollar inflation

monetarism and fears of in 1920s Germany

and 1930s deflation

stagflation in U.S. during 1970s

U.S. levels during 1960s and 1980s interdependence, in complex systems interest rates

interesting in-between, in complex systems

International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA) International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Brazil and

under Bretton Woods system

creation of special drawing rights (SDRs) in currency wars

declares end of Bretton Woods system G20 and

Germany and gold accumulation from as global central bank

global reserve currencies database and Nixon’s import surtax

and SDRs

international monetary system international trade, gold standard in Iran

 

Ireland

“iron rice bowl” welfare policy, China’s 1990s isolation, in economics

Israel Italy

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jackson, Andrew January effect Japan

and gold standard invasions and conquests by and Panic of 1931

rare earth exports skirmish with China trade deficits during 1980s

2011 earthquake/tsunami in Sendai

U.S. mortgage crisis and Japanese stocks yen and Nixon’s New Economic Policy

yen-dollar relationship after 2011 earthquake in Johnson, Lyndon B.

  1. P. Morgan & Company JPMorgan Chase

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kahneman, Daniel Kennedy, John F. Keynes, John Maynard Keynesianism

Knickerbocker Trust, New York Koch, Ed

Krugman, Paul

Kuhn, Loeb & Company Kumhof, Michael

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lagarde, Christine Lausanne Conference, 1932 law of diminishing returns Lehman Brothers

Liang, Qiao Limbaugh, Rush

Long-Term Capital Management, 1998 bailout of Louvre Accord, 1987

Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio

 

 

 

 

 

 

McCarthy, Cormac MacMillan, Margaret Maastricht Treaty of 1992 Madison, James Mandelbrot, Benoît Mantega, Guido

Mao Zedong marginal returns MARKINT

Markowitz, Harry

Martin, William McChesney Medvedev, Dmitry

Meltzer, Alan mercantilism Merkel, Angela Merrill Lynch Merton, Robert C. Merton, Robert K. Mexico

Milgram, Stanley Miller, Alexey Miller, Merton momentum investing monetarism

money

banking system definitions of treating SDRs as

Morgan, J. P. Morgan Stanley Morgenthau, Henry mortgage crisis, U.S.

 

Moscow

multinational corporations multiple reserve currencies multiplier theory, Keynesian

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nabucco NASA

National City Bank of New York

National Economists Club, Washington, D.C. National Export Initiative, U.S.

National Monetary Commission natural gas industry, Russia’s Netherlands

New Economic Policy, 1971, Nixon’s Nixon, Richard M.

Nixon Shock of 1971

Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences normal distribution of risk Norman, Montagu

Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co.

North Korea Norton, Charles D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Obama, Barack

and China’s President Hu

and IMF’s SDR dollar replacement strategy National Export Initiative

2008 to 2010 stimulus programs and U.S. attack on Japanese yen O’Donnell, Bill

over-the-counter derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pacific theater, dollar-yuan relationship Page, Scott

Palazzo Corsini, Rome Panic of 1890

Panic of 1907

Panic of 1931

Panic of 2008 bailouts during Brazil and

exchange rate disputes

Federal Reserve and lender of last resort function in G20 and

gold and money supply in aftermath of liquidity shortages from losses in money velocity in

SWF investments in

U.S. and China in

value at risk role in cause of

and Wall Street’s risk evaluation methods paper currencies

Dubai as largest transshipment point for gold backing for paper money

gold vs. paper money

paper-gold ratio during World War I paper SDR

paper gold

Paris 1919 (MacMillan)

Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Pentagon, U.S.

People’s Bank of China (PBOC) People’s Liberation Army (China)

 

Pépin, Jean-Luc Peterson, Peter G.

phase transitions, in complex system Plaza Accord, 1985

Poland

Pompidou, Georges Portugal

price-gold-flow mechanism price-specie-flow mechanism primary dealers

private enterprise prospect theory protectionism Putin, Vladimir

 

 

 

 

 

 

quantitative easing (QE) Ray, Chris

Reagan, Ronald

real estate bubble of 2002 to 2007 recessions, U.S.

1970s to 1980s of 2001

of 2007

See also Panic of 2008 regional currency blocs Reichsbank

reichsmark rent seeking rentenmark

reserve currencies

risk, in complex systems risk aversion

Road, The (McCarthy) Rockefeller, John D., Jr. Romer, Christina D. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Rothkopf, David Rousseff, Dilma

Rubin, Robert Russia

 

 

 

 

 

 

Samuels, Nathaniel Samuelson, Paul

San Francisco earthquake, 1906 Sarkozy, Nicolas

Schacht, Hjalmar Schiff, Jacob H. Scholes, Myron Schumer, Charles E. Schwartz, Alan

Second Bank of the United States September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of Shakespeare, William

Sharpe, William Shultz, George P. Slovic, Paul Smith, Adam

Smithsonian Agreement social media

social psychology, on economics Soros, George

South Korea

sovereign debt crisis of 2010, European sovereign wealth funds (SWFs)

Spain

special drawing rights (SDRs) stagflation

state capitalism sterling

crisis of 1992 devaluations

and gold exchange standard

 

Stiglitz, Joseph stimulus, Keynesian

stimulus programs, Obama’s stock market crash

critical state system of a of October 19, 1987

Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) Strategic Command, U.S. (STRATCOM) Strauss-Kahn, Dominque

Strong, Benjamin

subprime mortgage crisis, U.S. Sun Tzu

Superclass (Rothkopf) supercurrencies supernotes

Svensson, Lars Switzerland

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taft, William H. Tainter, Joseph A. Taiwan

Taleb, Nassim Nicholas tariffs

Tauss, Randy Taylor, John B. Taylor rule

Tea Party movement

tech bubble collapse of 2000 Temin, Peter

Thailand

Time magazine Tobin, James Toronto Star

Trade Act, U.S. 1988 trade deficits

Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 Treasury, U.S.

and bailout of 2008

China’s accumulation of Treasury debt China’s purchases of Treasury bonds China’s U.S. Treasury holdings

currency manipulation charges against China and dollar-yuan exchange rate

exchange stabilization fund Federal Reserve IOUs to on gold exports

gold reserve, increased value of

and 1930s nationalization of gold mines quantitative easing and Treasury bills

 

SWFs and Treasury bills Treaty of Versailles Tripartite Agreement of 1936 Tversky, Amos

twilight of sovereignty Tymoshenko, Yulia

 

 

 

 

 

 

UBS

unemployment

United Kingdom. See England United Nations

United States

and Bretton Woods system creation of Federal Reserve

economic policy for weak economy elite rent seeking

and European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 expatriates living in Paris

exports increase

FDR’s Executive Orders FDR’s gold confiscations and G20

and German hyperinflation Gini coefficient for

and gold standard and IMF

in London Gold Pool military

monetarism and U.S. economy 1930s bank failures and bank runs 1930s deflation and gold devaluation Nixon’s New Economic Policy, 1971 quantitative easing policy rebalancing plan

start of Great Depression stock market crash of 1929 support of euro

and Tripartite Agreement of 1936

 

2008 to 2010 stimulus plans

U.S.-Brazil bilateral trade relations U.S.-China bilateral trade relations U.S.-Chinese currency war

wealth-to-poverty income ratio See also dollar, U.S.; gold Upham, Samuel

 

 

 

 

 

 

value at risk (VaR) Vanderlip, Frank A. velocity, money Vietnam

Volcker, Paul

von Havenstein, Rudolf

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wall Street Journal

“War God’s Face Has Become Indistinct, The” (Liang and Xiangsui) Warburg, Paul

Washington Times

water

Wealth of Nations, The (Smith) wealth-to-poverty income ratio, U.S.

West Point Military Academy, New York Wilson, Woodrow

Woodford, Michael World Bank

World War I, World War II Wriston, Walter

 

 

 

 

 

Xiangsui, Wang

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yellen, Janet yuan, Chinese

dollar-yuan exchange rate euro and

manipulation of

in present-day currency war as reserve currency

SDRs and

as supercurrency 2010 yuan revaluation Yugoslavia

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zhou Enlai Zoellick, Robert Zubkov, Viktor

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